[Perl] Epoch Time(Unix Time) 구하는 방법

Perl에서 시간을 Unix time (Epoch Time)으로 전환하는 방법입니다.

Epoch Time은 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 시간 이후로 지나간 second(초)를 계산한 것을 말합니다.

Perl에서는 이 시간으로 전환하고 다시 일반 date로 전환하는 방법이 간혹 필요합니다.

또한 RRD 데이터베이스에서는 이 Epoch Time으로 저장이 되므로, 반드시 필요합니다.

Linux나 AIX에서는커맨드라인에서 date 명령어 수행시 %s 옵션을 이용하여

Epoch Time을 구할 수 있습니다.(HP-UX에서는 없음)

 

 

How to convert epoch / UNIX timestamps to normal readable date/time using Perl.

 

Getting current epoch time in Perl

Time returns an integer with the current epoch:

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time

time

Converting from epoch to normal date in Perl

Using the internal localtime or gmtime functions, localtime and gmtime return an array:

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my $time = time;    # or any other epoch timestamp 
my @months = ("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec");
my ($sec, $min, $hour, $day,$month,$year) = (localtime($time))[0,1,2,3,4,5]; 
# You can use 'gmtime' for GMT/UTC dates instead of 'localtime'
print "Unix time ".$time." converts to ".$months[$month]." ".$day.", ".($year+1900);
print " ".$hour.":".$min.":".$sec."\n";

my $time = time;	# or any other epoch timestamp 
my @months = ("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec");
my ($sec, $min, $hour, $day,$month,$year) = (localtime($time))[0,1,2,3,4,5]; 
# You can use 'gmtime' for GMT/UTC dates instead of 'localtime'
print "Unix time ".$time." converts to ".$months[$month]." ".$day.", ".($year+1900);
print " ".$hour.":".$min.":".$sec."\n";

But you can also use the scalar function to display your date with far less code:
print scalar localtime(946684800);returns Sat Jan 1 01:00:00 2000 (in my timezone).

For more advanced date manipulation, try using the DateTime module:

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use DateTime;
$dt = DateTime->from_epoch( epoch => $epoch );
 
$year   = $dt->year;
$month  = $dt->month; # 1-12 - you can also use '$dt->mon'
$day    = $dt->day; # 1-31 - also 'day_of_month', 'mday'
$dow    = $dt->day_of_week; # 1-7 (Monday is 1) - also 'dow', 'wday'
$hour   = $dt->hour; # 0-23
$minute = $dt->minute; # 0-59 - also 'min'
$second = $dt->second; # 0-61 (leap seconds!) - also 'sec'
$doy    = $dt->day_of_year; # 1-366 (leap years) - also 'doy'
$doq    = $dt->day_of_quarter; # 1.. - also 'doq'
$qtr    = $dt->quarter; # 1-4
$ymd    = $dt->ymd; # 1974-11-30
$ymd    = $dt->ymd('/'); # 1974/11/30 - also 'date'
$hms    = $dt->hms; # 13:30:00
$hms    = $dt->hms('|'); # 13|30|00 - also 'time'

use DateTime;
$dt = DateTime->from_epoch( epoch => $epoch );

$year   = $dt->year;
$month  = $dt->month; # 1-12 - you can also use '$dt->mon'
$day    = $dt->day; # 1-31 - also 'day_of_month', 'mday'
$dow    = $dt->day_of_week; # 1-7 (Monday is 1) - also 'dow', 'wday'
$hour   = $dt->hour; # 0-23
$minute = $dt->minute; # 0-59 - also 'min'
$second = $dt->second; # 0-61 (leap seconds!) - also 'sec'
$doy    = $dt->day_of_year; # 1-366 (leap years) - also 'doy'
$doq    = $dt->day_of_quarter; # 1.. - also 'doq'
$qtr    = $dt->quarter; # 1-4
$ymd    = $dt->ymd; # 1974-11-30
$ymd    = $dt->ymd('/'); # 1974/11/30 - also 'date'
$hms    = $dt->hms; # 13:30:00
$hms    = $dt->hms('|'); # 13|30|00 - also 'time'

Converting from normal date to epoch in Perl

Using the Time::Local module:

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use Time::Local;
my $time = timelocal($sec,$min,$hours,$day,$month,$year); 
# replace 'timelocal' with 'timegm' if your input date is GMT/UTC

use Time::Local;
my $time = timelocal($sec,$min,$hours,$day,$month,$year); 
# replace 'timelocal' with 'timegm' if your input date is GMT/UTC

Using the DateTime module:

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use DateTime;
$dt = DateTime->new( year   => 1974, month  => 11, day    => 30, hour   => 13, minute => 30, 
    second => 0, nanosecond => 500000000, time_zone => 'Asia/Taipei' );
$epoch_time  = $dt->epoch;

use DateTime;
$dt = DateTime->new( year   => 1974, month  => 11, day    => 30, hour   => 13, minute => 30, 
	second => 0, nanosecond => 500000000, time_zone => 'Asia/Taipei' );
$epoch_time  = $dt->epoch;

Find more detailed information on CPAN: Time::Local,DateTime. You can also use Date::Manip if you need more advanced date manipulation routines.

Using the Date::Parse module (thanks to ericblue76):

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use Date::Parse;
print str2time("02/25/2011 11:50AM");

use Date::Parse;
print str2time("02/25/2011 11:50AM");

The Perl Cookbook, Second Editiongives detailed information on manipulating dates and times in chapter 3 (pages 90-110).

 

 

 

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Epoch Time을 구하는 방법에는 여러가지 방법이 존재하는데, 아래는 그 예제들입니다.

 

 

Note that the month starts out as 0 for some inscrutable reason, so you'll have use

timelocal($sec,$min,$hours,$day,$month-1,$year); to get this to work.

 

 

1. time1.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use Date::Parse;
#print str2time('10/02/2010 00:00:00');
print str2time('10/02/2010 00:00');

2. time2.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl

use Time::Local;

my ($d, $m, $y) = split '/', '10/02/2010';
my $time = timelocal(0,0,0,$d,$m,$y);

print "$time\n";

3. time3.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use Time::Local;
$time = timelocal($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year);

4.time4.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use Time::Local;
#timelocal($second,$minute,$hour,$day,$month-1,$year);
$stime=timelocal(00,24,20,15,00,2014);

print "$stime\n";

5. time5.pl

EPOCH="`perl -e 'use Time::Local; print timelocal('${SEC}','${MIN}','${HOUR}','${DAY}','${MONTH}','${YEAR}'),\"\n\";'`"

perl -e 'print time, "\n"'

6. time6.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use Time::Local;

my $date = '23.10.2011 11:35:00';
my ($mday,$mon,$year,$hour,$min,$sec) = split(/[\s.:]+/, $date);
my $time = timelocal($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon-1,$year);
print $time,"\n",scalar localtime $time;